Pour voir et savoir de ce que les Américains en savaient et disaient de Madagascar, depuis 1966 à 2010, je vous invite à faire des recherches à partir de Wikileak - Public Library of US Diplomacy.
Si vous trouvez des articles intéressants, veuillez partager en commentaire ci-dessous.
http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973TANANA00474_b.html
ReplyDeleteDate:1973 April 6, 11:30 (Friday)
TWO WEEKS AGO, HEAD OF GOVT GEN RAMANANTSOA, DURING TOUR OF MAJUNGA PROVINCE, ANNOUNCED EXPULSION OF " HIGH FOREIGN OFFICIAL" FROM MADAGASCAR. PRESS SHORTLY STARTED TALKING OF A FRENCH MAJOR RICHARD AS EXPELLEE (..) HAD BEEN CAUGHT RED- HANDED IN INTELLIGENCE OPERATION.
http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973TANANA00617_b.html
Date:1973 May 7, 13:00 (Monday)
MADAGASCAR PRESS COMMENTARY CONTINUES BY STATING THAT FRENCH COUNCIL MINISTERS' REFERENCE TO " TERRITORIAL PROBLEMS" BRINGS OUT MUSTY SMELL OF NEOCOLONIALISM. (..) " MADAGASCAR WILL HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH BLACKMAIL OF TYPE THAT: ' YES, WE GUARANTEE YOUR MONEY BUT ON CONDITION THAT...' THEN FOLLOWS A CONDITION INFRINGING NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY". (..) 5. COMMENT: MALAGASY GOVT, TO DEMONSTRATE SOVEREIGNTY, HAS OBVIOUSLY PUT FORTH VERY STRICT CONDITIONS PERTAINING TO ANY CONTINUED FRENCH USE OF DIEGO- SUAREZ.
http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973PARIS14511_b.html
HOWEVER, HE [SENIOR FAC OFFICIAL] SAID GOF HAD ALSO AGREED TO EVACUATE NAVAL BASE THERE OVER LONGER PERIOD OF TIME, PERHAPS 3-4 YEARS. AGREEMENT PROVIDES THAT FRENCH NAVAL VESSELS WILL HAVE PRIORITY OVER ALL OTHER COUNTRIES IN USE OF BASE FACILITIES. (..) " PRICE" GOF HAD EXACTED FOR GUARANTEE OF CONVERTIBILITY, I. E. FREEDOM OF TRANSFERS FOR FRENCH CITIZENS EVEN IN CASE OF IMPOSITION OF EXCHANGE CONTROLS, WAS TOO GREAT A CONCESSION TO FRENCH AND SERIOUS INFRINGEMENT ON MALAGASAY SOVEREIGNTY IN MONETARY FIELD. HE TOLD DENIAU THAT THIS WAS UNACCEPTABLE AND MALAGASY REPUBLIC WOULD LEAVE FRAN AREA RATHER THAN ACCEPT SUCH AN AGREEMENT. (..) DENIAU INDICATED THAT PROBLEM OF TRANSFERS FOR FRENCH RESIDENTS OF MADAGASCAR WAS NOT SETTLED AND WOULD BE SUBJECT OF FURTHER NEGOTIATIONS SINCE GOF HAD NO INTENTION ABANDONING ITS COSTS OF ITS 40,000 CITIZENS THERE.
http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973PARIS16684_b.html
Date:1973 June 18, 12:08 (Monday)
FRANCO- MALAGASY ACCORDS
( ACCORDING TO 1972 FRENCH FIGURES, IMPORTS FROM MADAGASCAR TOTALED 337 MILLION FRANCS AND EXPORTS WERE 458 MILLION FRANCS, COMPARED TO TOTAL FRENCH IMPORTS OF 135 BILLION FRANCS AND EXPORTS OF 131 BILLION FRANCS AND TO FRANC AREA IMPORTS OF 8.6 BILLION FRANCS AND EXPORTS OF 11.9 BILLION FRANCS.) FROM WHAT WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GATHER HERE IT SEEMS THAT MONETARY CONFLICT AROSE OVER PROTECTION 40,000 FRANCH NATIONALS AND THEIR INVESTMENTS AND NOT OVER QUESTION OF PRIVILEGED FRANCH ACCESS TO MADAGASCAR MARKET.
ReplyDeletehttp://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973PARIS16729_b.html
FRENCH POLICY IN BLACK AFRICA...
Date:1973 June 18, 15:56 (Monday)
IN ASSESSING IMPORTANCE OF FRANC ZONE TO FRENCH INTERESTS , IT IS SIGNIFICANT THAT IN 1972 THE ZONE, TAKEN IN ITS BROADEST SENSE TO INCLUDE TUNISIA, MOROCCO AND ALGERIA, ACCOUNTED FOR ONLY NINE PER CENT OF FRENCH EXPORTS AND ONLY 6.36 PER CENT OF IMPORTS. OF THIS TOTAL, LESS THAN HALF IS ACCOUNTED FOR BY FORMER FRENCH COLONIES OF BLACK AFRICA. OF ALL SUB- SAHARAN COUNTRIES OF ZONE, ONLY GABON HAS A SIGNIFICANT SURPLUS WITH FRANCE ( OF 224 MILLION FRANCS), AND ONLY TWO OTHERS, CAR AND SENEGAL, HAD EVEN NOMINAL SURPLUSES OF TWO AND FIVE MILLION FRANCS RESPECTIVELY. THUS TRADE WITH AFRICA IS OF DECLINING IMPORTANCE IN TERMS OF FRANCE' S OVERALL ECONOMIC TRADE, AND FRANCE IS UNLIKELY TO MAKE MAJOR CONCESSIONS ON MATTERS OF ECONOMIC PRINCIPLE TO PROTECT THE LIMITED MARKETS WHICH NOW EXIST.
http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973STATE121230_b.html
http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973TANANA01002_b.html
Date:1973 July 25, 12:45 (Wednesday)
IN PURSUIT OUR OBJECTIVE OF NON-DISCRIMINATORY MALAGASY IMPORT REGIME VIS-A-VIS US EXPORTS, MALAGASY PREPARED ANNOUNCE IN ABOUT TWO WEEKS ELIMINATION OF OBVIOUS DISCRIMINATION IN FAVOR OF FRANCE AND OTHER EEC COUNTRIES IN IMPORT LICENSING SYSTEM.
http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973PARIS21549_b.html
FRENCH AID POLICY
Date:1973 August 9, 16:20 (Thursday)
TERMS OF FRENCH LOANS TO 25 LEAST DEVELOPED LDC'S WILL BE EASED. NEW TERMS WILL BE BASED ON ECONOMIC LEVEL OF EACH COUNTRY, BUT IN GENERAL, VARY BETWEEN 15-30 YEAR REPAYMENT AT THREE TO FOUR PER CENT INTEREST.
http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973TANANA01239_b.html
GENERAL RAMANANTSOA DELIVERS MAJOR ECONOMIC STATEMENT
Date:1973 September 5, 11:30
BEGIN SUMMARY: IN MAJOR STATEMENT ON ECONOMY, GEN RAMANANTSOA ANNOUNCED 37.5 PERCENT INCREASE IN PRICE PAID TO MALAGASY FARMERS FOR RICE PADDY AS PART MAJOR EFFORT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION AND TO REDUCE RICE PURCHASES ABROAD. HE ALSO DECLARED MAJOR SECTORS OF ECONOMY WOULD BE RESERVED FOR STATE INTERVENTION, AND VILLAGE COOPERATIVE ORGANIZATIONS WOULD HAVE INCREASING ROLE IN ECONOMY. FOREIGN BUSINESSES GIVEN GUIDELINES FOR CONFORMING TO "MALAGASIZATION PROGRAM" AND TOLD THEY WOULD HAVE RIGHT TO TRANSFER "PART" OF PROFITS ABROAD. GENERAL INDICATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN COVERING PERIOD THROUGH 1977 AND INVESTMENT CODE WOULD BE PUBLISHED SOON. END SUMMARY.